Cities in Japan

Japan is one of the most densely populated countries in the world, home to nearly 125 million people. Due to its mountainous terrain, a large portion of the land is not suitable for residential use, resulting in exceptionally high population density in habitable areas, especially in major cities.

Urban Japan blends ancient traditions with modern architecture, including contemporary high-rises built during the country’s post–World War II reconstruction. Each city has its own character, contributing to Japan’s complex and fascinating cultural mosaic. Every destination offers something unique.

Tokyo

Tokyo is the proud capital of Japan, a city that sees itself on the same level as the world’s most influential metropolitan centres. It blends centuries-old tradition with cutting-edge technology and contemporary culture, creating a unique harmony that is difficult to describe. Tokyo forms a bridge between a traditional, often religious society and dynamic pop trends that both influence the world and are shaped by it in return.

The city includes historic structures dating back more than 400 years, reflecting its role as Japan’s capital since the 18th century. Alongside these historic sites stand modern architectural landmarks and high-rise buildings, many of which were constructed rapidly after World War II to replace structures heavily damaged during the conflict.

Today, Tokyo is home to around 15 million residents, with approximately 2 million additional commuters entering and leaving the city each day. This is made possible by its extensive road network and an exceptionally efficient public transport system, considered by many one of the best in the world. Tokyo is a vibrant metropolis, a global economic powerhouse, and a remarkable travel destination with endless experiences to offer.

Main Attractions in Tokyo

Tokyo Disneyland – The Japanese branch of the famous American theme park offers the full Disney experience, from beloved characters to the iconic parade and themed worlds filled with impressive attractions.

DisneySea – A park inspired by Disney stories and ocean-themed worlds. It is slightly better suited for older visitors, though guests of all ages will enjoy it.

Sanrio Puroland (Hello Kitty Park) – A colourful, joyful indoor park dedicated to Hello Kitty and the world of Sanrio. Fans of Japanese pop culture will enjoy the experience from the moment they enter until the moment they leave.

Legoland Tokyo – Part of the global LEGO theme park network. The park is detailed and thoughtfully designed, but best suited for younger children up to about ages 9–11. Teenagers may find it less engaging.

Sega Joypolis – An indoor amusement park based on Sega’s popular games and characters, offering a fun and distinctly Japanese experience for all ages.

Fuji-Q Highland – A theme park specialising in record-breaking roller coasters, holding several Guinness World Records.

Ueno Zoo – Tokyo’s historic zoo featuring a wide range of local and exotic animals.

Edo-Tokyo Museum – A fascinating museum telling the story of the city through Japanese miniature models and detailed historical displays.

Tokyo Itinerary

Tokyo is constantly reinventing itself, and Odaiba is a perfect example of this evolution. Originally built in the late 19th century as an artificial island for defensive purposes, it has become a major high-tech centre offering a wide range of activities. Here you can enjoy beautiful views of Tokyo Bay and visit several unique museums, including:

• Miraikan – The National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation
• TeamLab Planets – A museum that merges science, technology, and immersive art

To return to the atmosphere of everyday Tokyo, continue to the Tsukiji Outer Market, the city’s famous fish and food market. Afterwards, visit another lively market worth exploring: the colourful Ameyoko Shopping District, often called the city’s “Candy Market,” packed with hundreds of shops in a compact area.

End the day in Akihabara, known for its technology stores, Japanese pop culture shops, and its strong connection to anime culture.

Tip from the Itinerary Expert: Akihabara is at its best in the late afternoon and early evening, when the area becomes even more energetic and illuminated.

The second day begins at one of Tokyo’s most important landmarks, Meiji Jingu, located in the bustling Shibuya district. The shrine receives nearly 30 million visitors annually, so arriving close to opening time is highly recommended. The surrounding garden is impressive and worth exploring.

After your visit, do not miss the famous pedestrian crossings near the station. Then continue to Harajuku and the trendy Takeshita Street, an area popular with young people that adds a unique and vibrant atmosphere.

Finish the day in Shinjuku, easily reached by public transportation, where you can experience the district’s distinctive nightlife.

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Kyoto

Kyoto is Japan’s traditional and spiritual heart. Until the 18th century it served as the country’s capital and the seat of political power, including the imperial family. The city is renowned for its serene atmosphere and deep sense of heritage.

This unique character is shaped by more than 1,500 temples of various sizes and levels of importance. Kyoto remains a centre for many of Japan’s religious leaders and preserves cultural traditions that, in some places, feel unchanged for centuries. Visitors can experience traditional tea ceremonies, walk through historic geisha districts, admire famous temples, and explore beautifully landscaped gardens honouring nature.

Despite its deeply traditional roots, Kyoto is not frozen in time. Modern transportation, public services, and contemporary lifestyle needs have integrated smoothly into the city. Kyoto was largely spared during World War II, as American bombers avoided targeting it to preserve its historic significance. This decision helped maintain the city’s unique character, which continues to define it today.

Main Attractions in Kyoto

Nijō Castle – Completed in the 16th century, this grand castle once belonged to the shogun, the leader of the samurai. It is surrounded by impressive gardens.

Kyoto Imperial Palace – The historic residence of the emperor and his family, set within beautiful and expansive gardens. Kyoto served as Japan’s capital for centuries, and the palace reflects this heritage.

Kinkaku-ji (Golden Pavilion) – One of Kyoto’s most iconic sites. The shimmering golden structure, the surrounding water, and the tranquil landscape make this a must-see attraction.

Heian Shrine – A striking shrine built to commemorate Kyoto’s 1100th anniversary. It features traditional Japanese architecture and a grand ceremonial design.

Kyoto Itinerary

After Tokyo’s energy and constant motion, Kyoto offers a complete contrast. The city’s calm, spiritual atmosphere invites slow exploration, and one of the greatest pleasures here is simply wandering through its narrow streets and peaceful neighbourhoods.

Still, if you are looking for a suggested day itinerary, here it is:

Begin your morning at one of the city’s most beautiful landmarks: Kinkaku-ji, the Golden Pavilion. Arriving early will help you avoid the heavy crowds that gather later in the day.

Continue to Ryoan-ji, famous for its stone and rock garden, a masterpiece of minimalist Japanese design.

End your day in the Arashiyama area with a visit to the bamboo forest and the Monkey Park, enjoying a natural setting of bamboo paths and wooded hills.

Just outside Kyoto lies the city of Nara, highly recommended for a full-day trip. You can easily reach it from Kyoto by train in the morning and return in the evening.

Start your visit at Todai-ji Temple, an immense wooden structure considered one of the largest wooden buildings in the world, housing a massive Buddha statue. Afterward, continue to Nara Park, where freely roaming deer—considered messengers of the gods—create a memorable experience in a beautiful natural setting.

Nara also offers numerous additional temples and historic sites, reflecting its role as Japan’s former capital. Depending on your pace and energy, you can explore the city streets, parks, and sacred landmarks.

Tip from the Itinerary Expert: When visiting Nara, plan your day with flexibility. The park and temples invite slow, enjoyable exploration.

Osaka

Osaka’s roots stretch back more than 1,300 years. The city was established on the shores of the bay that would later carry its name, Osaka Bay. From its earliest days, it served as a major trading point for the people of the Japanese islands, giving it long-standing commercial importance.

Today Osaka is Japan’s third-largest city, home to between 2.5 and 3 million residents. Throughout history, various rulers understood its strategic value and sought to control it; for a short period, Osaka even served as the capital of the Japanese empire. While the city is now considered a powerful commercial centre within Japan’s economy, it also contains historic buildings and temples of great cultural significance.

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Main Attractions in Osaka

Abeno Harukas 300 – A striking observation deck offering panoramic views and a vibrant shopping centre.

Osaka Aquarium Kaiyukan – One of the city’s most beloved attractions, showcasing marine life from around the world through impressive exhibits and themed environments.

NIFREL Interactive Aquazoo – A unique, futuristic-style zoo where animals are presented in artistic displays, creating an immersive experience as if the wildlife is moving beside you.

Universal Studios Japan – A massive amusement park filled with attractions for all ages, inspired by the famous American original.

Osaka Castle – A historic landmark and one of Osaka’s most iconic structures. The 58-metre-tall castle highlights the elegance and architectural skill of traditional Japanese design.

Osaka Itinerary

Our recommendation is to spend two full days in Osaka, with two overnight stays, starting each day early to make the most of the experience.

Dedicate one full day to Universal Studios Japan, a park that can easily fill an entire day with entertainment. It is highly recommended and should not be skipped.

Tip from the Itinerary Expert: Universal Studios Japan gets busiest in late morning. Arriving early will help you enjoy more attractions with shorter wait times.

Your second day can focus on Osaka’s top urban attractions. Begin at the NIFREL Interactive Aquazoo, then continue by public transportation to Osaka Castle, where you can explore the impressive grounds. Afterward, walk or take public transport to the Osaka Aquarium Kaiyukan, one of the city’s most unique sites.

Finish the day at the Abeno Harukas 300 observation deck, where you can enjoy sweeping views of the city.

Hiroshima

Hiroshima was never considered one of Japan’s major cities. It functioned as a mid-sized urban centre within its prefecture, without particular prominence compared to other Japanese cities.

Unlike many other cities in Japan, Hiroshima was not heavily bombed during World War II. At the time, it appeared that the city would escape the devastation experienced elsewhere — but the reason for this was tragic. Hiroshima had been selected by American forces as the target for the atomic bomb.

On 6 August 1945, the city experienced the first use of nuclear weapons in human history. More than 80,000 residents were killed instantly or as a result of the explosion’s aftereffects. Much of the city was destroyed, and Hiroshima — founded in the 16th century — was left on the brink of collapse.

After the war, the city’s leaders decided that Hiroshima would become a symbol of peace. A large-scale reconstruction began, using materials uncommon in traditional Japanese architecture, such as concrete and steel. Hiroshima was transformed. Today, it is regarded as a beautiful and meaningful destination: a reminder of the cost of war, and at the same time a powerful symbol of humanity’s ability to rebuild.

Hiroshima is now a vibrant city well worth visiting, with several important sites.

Main Attractions in Hiroshima

Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum – A museum dedicated to telling the story of the atomic bombing, its consequences, and the message of peace the city has carried ever since.

Hiroshima Castle – Originally built for the city’s rulers and later destroyed, the castle was reconstructed in 1958 and now serves as a museum documenting the city’s history.

Shukkei-en Garden – A beautifully maintained garden created more than 400 years ago. Its bridges and traditional design offer a symbol of renewal and resilience.

Miyajima Island & Itsukushima Shrine – Located in Hiroshima Bay and accessible by ferry, the island is home to the famous shrine whose structure is dramatically revealed and covered by the changing tides.

Hiroshima Itinerary

A full day is recommended for visiting Hiroshima. The city is about two hours from Osaka and offers a deeply emotional and historically significant experience found nowhere else in Japan.

Your visit will naturally be influenced by the legacy of the bombing on one hand and the inspiring story of recovery on the other. Exploring Hiroshima carries profound meaning for every visitor.

Begin your day with the city’s three main sites in any order you prefer: start at the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum, continue to Hiroshima Castle, and complete the first part of the day at Shukkei-en Garden.

Dedicate the second half of the day to Miyajima Island and the Itsukushima Shrine, a highlight of the region and a memorable conclusion to your visit.

Yokohama

Yokohama is Japan’s second-largest city, with a population of more than 3.5 million residents. Unlike many historic Japanese cities, Yokohama began as a port intended to serve nearby Tokyo. The economic growth generated by the port led to the rapid development and expansion of the city.

During the 20th century, Yokohama endured two major tragedies: the devastating 1923 earthquake, which destroyed large parts of the city and caused significant loss of life, and, twenty-two years later, heavy bombing by American forces during World War II. Despite these hardships, Yokohama rebuilt itself each time. By the early 1980s, its population surpassed that of Osaka, making it the second-largest city in Japan.

Today, Yokohama is a major industrial and technological centre, home to countless office buildings and the headquarters of global companies such as Nissan, Nikon, Panasonic, and others. The city embraces innovation and modernity, and due to its close proximity to Tokyo, visiting Yokohama is easy and highly recommended.

Main Attractions in Yokohama

Yokohama Landmark Tower – A modern, Italian futurism–inspired skyscraper rising 296 metres high. Located in the Minato Mirai 21 district, it includes a hotel, shopping centre, restaurants, and an impressive 360-degree observation deck.

Cosmo Clock 21 – Giant Ferris wheels exist all over the world, but Yokohama’s version is uniquely impressive. It is considered one of the best Ferris wheels globally and is a must-see attraction.

Shopping Centres – As a city aspiring to represent Japan’s technological future, Yokohama offers some of the country’s most impressive and modern shopping complexes.

Waterfront – Yokohama’s shoreline is open to the public and not obstructed by factories or ports, making it especially scenic.

Shin-Yokohama Ramen Museum – A museum dedicated to the iconic Japanese noodle dish loved around the world.

Yokohama Itinerary

Because Yokohama is so close to Tokyo, it is ideal for a day trip, especially if you plan to return to Tokyo in the evening. Of course, excellent hotels can also be found within the city if you choose to stay overnight.

Begin your day in the Minato Mirai 21 district, a fantastic leisure area for couples and families. The highlight of the area is the Yokohama Landmark Tower, rising 296 metres above the bay. Its observation deck offers magnificent views, and the building itself houses an excellent shopping centre.

After visiting the tower, continue to the iconic Cosmo Clock 21 Ferris wheel, located in the same district.

Next, head to Yokohama’s Chinatown, established by Chinese immigrants who arrived following the development of the port. The entrance to the district features four striking gates, and the main street is lively and colourful. At its centre stands the impressive Kanteibyo Temple.

End your day with a walk through the charming Yamashita Park, which offers beautiful views of the sea, the bay, and the anchored ships. From there, continue naturally to the Osanbashi Pier, known for its remarkable design and the large vessels docked along its wooden deck.

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